Cellular Resperation

Cellular respiration is the process that cells use to Gain energy in the form of ATP by braking down sugar.

       Glucose               +     Oxygen >    Carbon Dioxide+Water + ATP
 Organisms can either make their own Glucose (autotrophs) or get it from another organism (Heterotrophs).

How the glucose is spent by humans:

• We can't use glucose directly, need to covert it to ATP
• We are only 40% efficient at converting Glucose to ATP
• 60% Energy Lost In Heat

Glucose

This process is called cellular respiration, it is made up of 3 steps and can be modeled by making brownies.

1. Glucose is taken in through eating and the digestive system, and then transported to the cells by means of insulin.
2. Oxygen is taken in through the circulatory system and transported to the cells by means of hemoglobin
3. they are absorbed through  a shell like organelle called the cell wall and into a gooey organelle called the cytoplasm that fills the inside of the cell wall 



Cytoplasm and cell wall

1. The  C6H12O6 can be modeled by the pre made brownie mix and the box, the bowl represents the cell wall, and the eggs represent the cytoplasm


1. Glycolysis- Breaking down the glucose



More Advanced look At Glycolysis

1. Glucose broken up into Pyruvic acids with 3 carbon molecules 
2. Needs: Glucose 2 ATP, glucose
3. Makes: 4 ATPs 2 pyruvates, and 2 NADH+
4. anaerobic process
5. This process an be modelled by opening the box into the eggs, the person needs 2 atp (Brownies) to open the box (splitting the glucose into 2 pyruvate ) 4 brownies are produced in this process
2. Krebs Cycle

1. Cycle that continuously flows
2. Needs: NAD+, H20, Acetyl CoA, FAD, ADP, and O2
3. Produces FADH2, NADH, CO2, ATP
4. The CO2 produced here is the co2 we breathe out
5. Purpose: to breakdown pyruvate into co2 and bonds electron to nad and fad to use in next steps
6. takes place inside the mitochondria, in the squiggly part (Mitochondrial matrix)
7. nad and fad are like taxis for electrons, destination electron transport chain



Chemical and visual interpretation of Krebs

1. Modeled by stirring the mix, nadh and fadh2 are modeled by a ladle filled with mix, and delivering the hydrogen to the inner mitochondrial membrane, or the muffin tin 
1. Electron Transport Chain- and we are done



Atp synthase at work

1. the enzyme ATP synthase takes the hydrogen molecules from the last step and adp (ATP but with one less phosphate) and combines them to make ATP
2. About 24-34 Atp produced (minus the 4 that had to be used  to complete the first  2 steps)
3. Brownie mix (H) enters the muffin tin (inner mitochondrial membrane) by means of ladle (FAD NAD), and is cooked into atp my means of the oven (atp synthase).
4. Outputs H2O that we sweat and pee out